#Xsection game solutions update

Perpetually by-passing minor cities create a cycle of disenfranchisement: these cities never get an injection of capital, they fail to become first-rate candidates, and they are constantly passed over in favour of more secure choices.ДЇinally, there is no guarantee that the Olympics will be a popular success. Furthermore, since the International Olympic Committee favours prosperous вЂњglobalвЂќ centres (the United Kingdom was told, after three failed bids from its provincial cities, that only London stood any real chance at winning), the improvement of public transport, roads and communication links tends to concentrate in places already well-equipped with world-class infrastructures. In countries with an expansive land mass, this means vast swathes of the population miss out entirely. Even Australia, home to one of the worldвЂ™s most sportive populations, has left its taxpayers footing a $32 million-a-year bill for the maintenance of vacant facilities.ДЄnother major concern is that when civic infrastructure developments are undertaken in preparation for hosting the Olympics, these benefits accrue to a single metropolitan centre (with the exception of some outlying areas that may get some revamped sports facilities). Despite the enthusiasm many populations initially have for the development of world-class sporting complexes in their home towns, these complexes typically fall into disuse after the Olympic fervour has waned. Yet these demands are typically only necessary to accommodate a brief influx of athletes from around the world. The extensive demands of Olympic sports include aquatic complexes, equestrian circuits, shooting ranges, beach volleyball courts, and, of course, an 80,000 seat athletic stadium.

#Xsection game solutions update

Hosting the Olympics is often understood to be an excellent way to update a cityвЂ™s sporting infrastructure. London Olympics managers have admitted that their 2012 costs may increase ten times over their initial projections, leaving tax payers 20 billion pounds in the red. The tradition of runaway expenses has persisted in recent years. Los Angelinos have only recently finished paying off their budget-breaking 1984 Olympics Montreal is still in debt for its 1976 Games (to add insult to injury, Canada is the only host country to have failed to win a single gold medal during its own Olympics). As is typical with large-scale, one-off projects, budgeting for the Olympics is a notoriously formidable task. foreign policy).Д«idding costs do not compare, however, to the exorbitant bills that come with hosting the Olympic Games themselves. All of this can be for nothing if a bidding city does not appease the whims of IOC members вЂ“ private connections and opinions on government conduct often hold sway (ChicagoвЂ™s 2012 bid is thought to have been undercut by tensions over U.S. This can cost local economies millions of dollars of lost revenue from private developers who could have made use of the land, and can also mean that particular urban quarters lose their vitality due to the vacant lots. Aside from the financial costs of the bid alone, the process ties up real estate in prized urban locations until the outcome is known. Bidding alone will set most cities back about $20 million, and while officially bidding only takes two years (for cities that make the shortlist), most cities can expect to exhaust a decade working on their bid from the moment it is initiated to the announcement of voting results from International Olympic Committee members. Olympic extravagances begin with the application process. The staggering expenses involved in a successful Olympic bid are often assumed to be easily mitigated by tourist revenues and an increase in local employment, but more often than not host cities are short changed and their taxpayers for generations to come are left settling the debt. After the last weary spectators and competitors have returned home, however, host cities are often left awash in high debts and costly infrastructure maintenance. FAIR GAMES?ДЇor seventeen days every four years the world is briefly arrested by the captivating, dizzying spectacle of athleticism, ambition, pride and celebration on display at the Summer Olympic Games. You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

FAIR GAMES IELTS Reading Passage with Answers READING PASSAGE 2